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This Day In History: April 12th

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Communication
 
 
Crime and Corruption
2000
More than 1,500 anti-drug agents raided four cities in Colombia and arrested 46 members of the "most powerful" heroin ring.
2000
Robert Cleaves, 71, was convicted of second degree murder and was sentenced to 16 years in prison. Cleaves had repeatedly run over Arnold Guerreiro on September 30, 1998 with his car after the two had an argument.
Defence
1993
NATO began enforcing a no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina.
 
Disasters
1985
In Spain, an explosion in a restaurant near a U.S. base killed 17 people.
 
Discovery
 
 
Education
 
 
Film, Television and Radio
1967
USA
Jim Brown made his TV acting debut on the NBC show "I Spy."
2002
South Africa
It was announced that the South African version of "Sesame Street" would be introducing a character that was HIV-positive.

Heads of State
1945
USA
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt died in Warm Spring, GA. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 63. Harry S Truman became president.
1983
USA
Harold Washington was elected the first black mayor of Chicago.
Health and Social Welfare
1945
USA
In New York, the organization of the first eye bank, the Eye Bank for Sight Restoration, was announced.
1955
USA
The University of Michigan Polio Vaccine Evaluation Center announced that the polio vaccine of Dr. Jonas Salk was "safe, effective and potent."
Industry
1992
France
Disneyland Paris opened in Marne-La-Vallee, France.
 
Law
1770
United Kingdom
The British Parliament repealed the Townsend Acts.
1938
USA
The first U.S. law requiring a medical test for a marriage license was enacted in New York.
Motor Sport
 
 
People
1606
United Kingdom
England adopted the original Union Jack as its flag.
1811
USA
The first colonists arrived at Cape Disappointment, Washington.
1892
USA
Voters in Lockport, New York, became the first in the U.S. to use voting machines.
1927
United Kingdom
The British Cabinet came out in favor of women voting rights.
1982
USA
Three CBS employees were shot to death in a New York City parking lot.
1985
USA
Federal inspectors declared that four animals of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus were not unicorns. They were goats with horns that had been surgically implanted.
2000
Israel Israel's High Court ordered the release of eight Lebanese detainees that had been held for years without a trial.
Politics
1963
USA
Police used dogs and cattle prods on peaceful civil rights demonstrators in Birmingham, AL.
1988
China
The Chinese government named a new array of younger leaders to ensure economic reform.
Publishing
1934
USA
F. Scott Fitzgerald novel "Tender Is the Night" was first published.
1969
USA
Lucy and Snoopy of the comic strip "Peanuts" made the cover of "Saturday Review."
Religion
1204
The Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople.
 
Science
1961
  Soviet Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin became first man to orbit the Earth.
1981
The space shuttle Columbia blasted off from Cape Canaveral, FL, on its first test flight.
1984
Astronauts aboard the space shuttle Challenger made the first satellite repair in orbit by returning the Solar Max satellite to space.
1985
U.S. Senator Jake Garn of Utah became the first senator to fly in space as the shuttle Discovery lifted off from Cape Canaveral, FL.
Sport
1877
A catcher's mask was used in a baseball game for the first time by James Alexander Tyng.
1905
The Hippodrome opened in New York City.
1966
Emmett Ashford became the first African-American major league umpire.
Technology
1799
Phineas Pratt patented the comb cutting machine.
1833
Charles Gaylor patented the fireproof safe.
1988
Harvard University won a patent for a genetically altered mouse. It was the first patent for a life form.
The Arts
 
 
The Environment
 
 
The Law
 
 
The Workforce
 
 
Trade and Economy
1987
Texaco filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy after it failed to settle a legal dispute with Pennzoil Co.
2002
A first edition version of Beatrix Potter's "Peter Rabbit" sold for $64,780 at Sotheby's. A signed first edition of J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Hobbit" sold for $66,630. A copy of "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone," signed by J.K. Rowling sold for $16,660. A 250-piece collection of rare works by Charles Dickens sold for $512,650.
2002
JCPenney Chairman Allen Questrom rang the opening bell to start the business day at the New York Stock Exchange as part of the company's centennial celebrations. James Cash (J.C.) Penney opened his first retail store on April 14, 1902.
Transport
1911
Pierre Prier completed the first non-stop London-Paris flight in three hours and 56 minutes.
 
War
1096
Peter the Hermit gathered his army in Cologne.
1782
The British navy won its only naval engagement against the colonists in the American Revolution at the Battle of Saints, off Dominica.
1861
Fort Sumter was shelled by Confederacy, starting America's Civil War.
1864
Confederate Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest captured Fort Pillow, in Tennessee and slaughters the black Union troops there.
1916
American cavalrymen and Mexican bandit troops clashed at Parrel, Mexico.
1944
The U.S. Twentieth Air Force was activated to begin the strategic bombing of Japan.
1982
United Kingdom
The British Navy began enforcing a blockade around the Falkland Islands.
1984
Israel
Israeli troops stormed a bus that had been hijacked the previous evening by four Arab terrorists. All the passengers were rescued and 2 of the hijackers were killed.
 
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