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This Day In History: April 23rd

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Communication
 
 
Crime and Corruption
0303
Perseus was arrested, tortured, and put to death.
1988
In Martinez, CA, a drain valve was left open at the Shell Marsh. More than 10,000 barrels of oil poured into the marsh adjoining Peyton Slough.
1996
A New York civil-court jury ordered Bernhard Goetz to pay $43 million to Darrell Cabey. Cabey was paralyzed when he was shot in subway car in 1984.
1998
James Earl Ray died, at age 70, while serving a life sentence for the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Ray had confessed to the crime and then later insisted he had been framed.
Defence
1924
The U.S. Senate passed the Soldiers Bonus Bill.
 
Disasters
1940
About 200 people died in a dance-hall fire in Natchez, MS.
 
Discovery
 
 
Education
1900
The word "hillbilly" was first used in print in an article in the "New York Journal." It was spelled "Hill-Billie".
1915
The A.C.A. became the National Advisory Council on Aeronautics (NACA).
Film, Television and Radio
1896
The Vitascope system for projecting movies onto a screen was demonstrated in New York City.
2005
The first video was uploaded to YouTube.com.
2009
The iTunes Music Store reached 1 billion applications downloaded.
Heads of State
1789
U.S. President George Washington moved into Franklin House, New York. It was the first executive mansion.
1999
In Washington, DC, the heads of state and government of the 19 NATO nations celebrated the organization's 50th anniversary.
Health and Social Welfare
 
 
Industry
 
 
Law
1348
The first English order of knighthood was founded. It was the Order of the Garter.
1872
Charlotte E. Ray became the first black woman lawyer.
1908
U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt signed an act creating the U.S. Army Reserve.
1969
Sirhan Sirhan was sentenced to death for killing U.S. Senator Robert Kennedy. The sentence was later reduced to life in prison.
1988
A U.S. federal law took effect that banned smoking on flights that were under two hours.
2003
U.S. President George W. Bush signed legislation that authorized the design change of the 5-cent coin (nickel) for release in 2004. It was the first change to the coin in 65 years. The change, to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the Louisiana Purchase, was planned to run for only two years before returning to the previous design.
Motor Sport
 
 
People
1987
  An apartment complex being built in Bridgeport, Connecticut collapsed. 28 construction workers were killed.
1988
Kanellos Kanelopoulos set three world records for human-powered flight when he stayed in the air for 74 miles and four hours in his pedal-powered "Daedalus".
1996
An auction of the late Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis' possessions began at Sotheby's in New York City.
1997
An infertility doctor in California announced that a 63-year-old woman had given birth in late 1996. The child was from a donor egg. The woman is the oldest known woman to give birth.
Politics
1500
Pedro Cabal claimed Brazil for Portugal.
1895
Russia, France, and Germany forced Japan to return the Liaodong peninsula to China.
1920
The Turkish Grand National Assembly had its first meeting in Ankara.
1950
Chaing evacuated Hainan, leaving mainland China to Mao and the communists.
1985
The U.S. House rejected $14 million in aid to Nicaragua.
1989
It was reported that 277 had been killed in the most recent rebel attack in Afghanistan.
2004
U.S. President George W. Bush eased sanctions against Libya in return for Moammar Gadhafi's agreement to give up weapons of mass destruction.
Publishing
1789
"Courier De Boston" was published for the first time. It was the first Roman Catholic magazine in the U.S.
 
Religion
1968
The Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church merged to form the United Methodist Church.
 
Science
1967
  The Soyuz 1 was launched by Russia.
1971
The Soyuz 10 was launched.
1981
The Soviet Union conducted an underground nuclear test at their Semipaltinsk (Kazakhstan) test site.
Sport
1921
Charles Paddock set a record time in the 300-meter track event when he posted a time of 33.2 seconds.
1948
Johnny Longden became the first race jockey to ride 3,000 career winners.
1954
Hank Aaron of the Milwaukee Braves hit his first major-league home run on this day.
1964
Ken Johnson of the Houston Astros threw the first no-hitter for a loss. The game was lost 1-0 to the Cincinnati Reds due to two errors.
1989
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar played his last regular season game in the NBA.
Technology
1951
The Associated Press began use of the new service of teletype setting.
 
The Arts
 
 
The Environment
 
 
The Law
 
 
The Workforce
 
 
Trade and Economy
1982
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that consumer prices declined the previous month (March). It was the first decline in almost 17 years.
1985
The Coca-Cola Company announced that it was changing its 99-year-old secret formula. New Coke was not successful, which resulted in the resumption of selling the original version.
Transport
 
 
War
1521
The Comuneros were crushed by royalist troops in Spain.
1759
The British seized Basse-Terre and Guadeloupe in the Antilies from France.
1826
Missolonghi fell to Egyptian forces.
1861
Arkansas troops seized Fort Smith.
1945
The Soviet Army fought its way into Berlin.
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