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This Day In History: August 12th

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Communication
1918
Regular airmail service began between Washington, DC, and New York City.
 
Crime and Corruption
 
 
Defence
1953
The Soviet Union secretly tested its first hydrogen bomb.
 
Disasters
1985
A Japan Air Lines Boeing 747 crashed into a mountain killing 520 people.
 
Discovery
1877
Thomas Edison invented the phonograph and made the first sound recording.
 
Education
 
 
Film, Television and Radio
1937
Red Skelton appeared on network radio for the first time on the "Rudy Vallee Show" on NBC.
1939
"The Wizard of Oz" premiered in Oconomowoc, WI. Judy Garland became famous for the movie's song "Somewhere Over the Rainbow." The movie premiered in Hollywood on August 15th.
Heads of State
 
 
Health and Social Welfare
1939
Disinfectant was used for the first time during surgery by Joseph Lister.
1993
U.S. President Clinton signed a relief package for the flooded areas of the Midwest United States.
1998
Swiss banks agreed to pay $1.25 billion as restitution to World War II Holocaust victims.
Industry
1981
IBM unveiled its first PC.
 
Law
1898
Hawaii was annexed by the U.S. Hawaii was later given territorial status and was given Statehood in 1959.
1993
U.S. President Clinton lifted the ban on rehiring air traffic controllers that had been fired for going on strike in 1981.
Motor Sport
 
 
People
1944
  Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. was killed with his co-pilot when their Navy plane exploded over England. Joseph Kennedy was the oldest son of Joseph and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy.
1990
The first U.S. casualty occurred during the Persian Gulf crisis when Air Force Staff Sergeant John Campisi died after being hit by a military truck.
1999
Hang Thu Thi Ngyuen shot an arrow from a bow with her feet on "Guinness World Records: Primetime" and hit a target that was 16 feet and 5 inches away.
Politics
1867
U.S. President Andrew Johnson sparked a move to impeach him when he defied Congress by suspending Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.
1898
The Spanish-American War was ended with the signing of the peace protocol. The U.S. acquired Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Hawaii was also annexed.
1944
In France, Pierre Laval released Edouard Herriot.
1992
The U.S., Canada, and Mexico announced that the North American Free Trade Agreement had been created after 14 months of negotiations.
Publishing
1915
"Of Human Bondage", by William Somerset Maugham, was first published.
1988
"The Last Temptation of Christ" opened.
Religion
 
 
Science
1960
  The balloon satellite Echo One was launched by the U.S. from Cape Canaveral, FL. It was the first communications satellite.
1962
The Soviet Union launched Pavel Popovich into orbit. Popovich and Andrian Nikolayev, who was launch a day before, both landed on August 15.
1977
The space shuttle Enterprise passed its first solo flight test.
1986
It was announced by NASA that they had selected a new rocket design for the space shuttle. The move was made in an effort at correcting the flaws that were believed to have been responsible for the Challenger disaster.
Sport
1879
The first National Archery Association tournament took place in Chicago, IL.
1964
Mickey Mantle set a major league baseball record when he hit home runs from both the left and ride sides of the plate in the same game.
1969
The Boston Celtics were sold for $6 million. At the time it was the highest price paid for a pro basketball team.
1973
Jack Nicklaus won his 14th major golf title. The win broke the record that had been held by Bobby Jones for 50 years.
1986
Rod Carew became the first player in the history of the California Angels franchise to have his uniform (#29) retired.
1994
Major league baseball players went on strike rather than allow team owners to limit their salaries. The strike lasted for 232 days. As a result, the World Series was wiped out for the first time in 90 years.
Technology
1851
Isaac Singer was issued a patent on the double-headed sewing machine.
 
The Arts
 
 
The Environment
 
 
The Law
 
 
The Workforce
 
 
Trade and Economy
 
 
Transport
 
 
War
1676
"King Phillip's War" came to an end with the killing of Indian chief King Phillip. The war between the Indians and the Europeans lasted for two years.
 
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