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This Day In History: February 23rd

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Communication
 
 
Crime and Corruption
1820
USA
The Cato Street conspiracy was uncovered.
1958
Cuba
Juan Fangio, 5-time world diving champion, was kidnapped by Cuban rebels.
1980
  Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini declared that Iran's new parliament would have to decide the fate of the hostages taken on November 4, 1979, at the U.S. embassy in Tehran.
1997
  Ali Hassan Abu Kamal, a Palestinian teacher, opened fire on the 86th-floor observation deck of New York City's Empire State Building. He killed one person and wounded six more before killing himself.
1999
Turkey
In Ankara, Turkey, Abdullah Ocalan was charged with treason. The prosecutors were seeking the death penalty for the Kurdish rebel leader.
1999
  White supremacist John William King was found guilty of kidnapping and murdering James Byrd Jr. Byrd was dragged behind a truck for two miles on a country road in Texas.
Defence
 
 
Disasters
1887
France
The French/Italian Riviera was hit by an earthquake that killed about 2,000.
1998
USA
In central Florida, tornadoes killed 42 people and damaged and/or destroyed about 2,600 homes and businesses.
Discovery
 
 
Education
1821
USA
The Philadelphia College of Apothecaries established the first pharmacy college.
 
Film, Television and Radio
1910
USA
In Philadelphia, PA, the first radio contest was held.
1927
USA
The Federal Radio Commission began assigning frequencies, hours of operation and power allocations for radio broadcasters. On July 1, 1934 the name was changed to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
1940
USA
Walt Disney's animated movie "Pinocchio" was released.
1985
USA
The TV show "Gimme a Break" was broadcast live before a studio audience. It was the first TV sitcom to be seen live since the 1950s.
1997
USA
NBC-TV aired "Schindler's List." It was completely uncensored.
Heads of State
1660
Sweden
Charles XI became the king of Sweden.
1861
USA
U.S. President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrived secretly in Washington to take his office after an assassination attempt in Baltimore.
Health and Social Welfare
1954
USA
The first mass vaccination of children against polio began in Pittsburgh, PA.
2005
USA
The New York, NY, city medical examiner's office annouced that it had exhausted all efforts to identify the remains of the people killed at the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, due to the limits of DNA technology. About 1,600 people had been identified leaving more than 1,100 unidentified.

Industry
1813
USA
The first U.S. raw cotton-to-cloth mill was founded in Waltham, MA.
 
Law
 
 
Motor Sport
 
 
People
1792
USA
The Humane Society of Massachusetts was incorporated.
1905
USA
The Rotary Club was founded in Chicago, IL, by Attorney Paul Harris and three others.
1974
USA
The Symbionese Liberation Army demanded $4 million more for the release of Patty Hearst. Hearst had been kidnapped on February 4th.
1993
USA
Gary Coleman won a $1,280,000 lawsuit against his parents.
2000
USA
Robby Knieval made a successful motorcycle jump of 200 feet over an oncoming train.
Politics
1822
USA
Boston was incorporated as a city.
1861
USA
Texas became the 7th state to secede from the Union.
1870
USA
The state of Mississippi was readmitted to the Union.
1898
France
In France, Emile Zola was imprisoned for his letter, "J'accuse," which accused the government of anti-Semitism and wrongly jailing Alfred Dreyfus.
1904
Panama
The U.S. acquired control of the Panama Canal Zone for $10 million.
1919
Italy
The Fascist Party was formed in Italy by Benito Mussolini.
1955
France
The French government was formed by Edgar Faure.
1966
Syria
The Bitar government in Syria was ended with a military coup.
1970
Guyana Guyana became a republic.
Publishing
 
 
Religion
 
 
Science
1875
  J. Palisa discovered asteroid #143 (aka Adria).
 
Sport
1874
Walter Winfield patented a game called "sphairistike." More widely known as lawn tennis.
1957
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the NFL operations did fall within coverage of antitrust laws.
1958
  Juan Fangio, 5-time world diving champion, was kidnapped by Cuban rebels.
1967
  Jim Ryun set a record in the half-mile run when ran it in 1:48.3.
1968
  Wilt Chamberlain (Philadelphia 76ers) became the first player to score 25,000 career points in the NBA.
Technology
1886
Charles M. Hall completed his invention of aluminum.
1896
The Tootsie Roll was introduced by Leo Hirshfield.
The Arts
 
 
The Environment
 
 
The Law
1883
Alabama became the first U.S. state to enact an antitrust law.
1915
Nevada began enforcing convenient divorce law.
1963
  The 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified. It prohibited poll taxes in federal elections.
The Workforce
 
 
Trade and Economy
1916
The U.S. Congress authorizes the McKinley Memorial $1 gold coin.
1995
The Dow Jones Industrial closed about 4,000 for the first time at 4,003.33.
Transport
1839
In Boston, MA, William F. Harnden organized the first express service between Boston and New York City. It was the first express service in the U.S.
 
War
1574
France
France began the 5th holy war against the Huguenots.
1836
In San Antonio, TX, the siege of the Alamo began.
1847
  Santa Anna was defeated at the Battle of Buena Vista in Mexico by U.S. troops under Gen. Zachary.
1900
  The Battle of Hart's Hill took place in South Africa between the Boers and the British army.
1940
Russia
Russian troops conquered Lasi Island.
1945
USA
The 28th Regiment of the Fifth Marine Division of the U.S. Marines reached the top of Mount Surabachi. A photograph of these Marines raising the American flag was taken.
1991
  During the Persian Gulf War, ground forces crossed the border of Saudi Arabia into the country of Iraq. Less than four days later the war was over due to the surrender or withdraw of Iraqi forces.
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