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This Day In History: March 18th

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Communication
1891
Britain became linked to the continent of Europe by telephone.
1909
Einar Dessau of Denmark used a short wave transmitter to become the first person to broadcast as a "ham" operator.
1970
The U.S. Postal Service experienced the first postal strike.
Crime and Corruption
1989
12 paintings were stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. The value was $100 million making it the largest art robbery in history.
1992
Leona Hemsly was sentenced to 4 years in prison for tax evasion.
Defence
1963
France performed an underground nuclear test at Ecker Algeria.
1987
The U.S. performed nuclear tests at a Nevada test site.
Disasters
1921
China
The steamer "Hong Koh" ran aground off of Swatow China. Over 1,000 people were killed.

1937
USA
More than 400 people, mostly children, were killed in a gas explosion at a school in New London, TX.
1953
Turkey
An earthquake hit West Turkey killing 250 people.
1971
Peru
A landslide in Lake Yanahuani, Chungar Peru, killed 200.
1980
USSR
The Vostok rocket exploded on the launch pad killing 50.
1997
USSR
A Russian AN-24 crashed killing 50 people.
Discovery
1835
Chile
Charles Darwin left Santiago Chile on his way to Portillo Pass.
1899
Phoebe, a moon of the planet Saturn, was discovered.
1965
  Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov became the first man to spacewalk when he left the Voskhod II space capsule while in orbit around the Earth. He was outside the spacecraft for about 20 minutes.
1989
  A 4,400-year-old mummy was discovered at the Pyramid of Cheops in Egypt.
Education
1922
USA
Princeton and Yale played the first intercollegiate indoor polo championship.
 
Film, Television and Radio
1940
USA
The soap opera "Light of the World" was first heard on NBC radio.
1954
USA
RKO Pictures was sold for $23,489,478. It became the first motion picture studio to be owned by an individual. The person was Howard Hughes.
Heads of State
0037
The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius’ will and proclaims Caligula emperor.
1905
USA
Franklin Roosevelt and Eleanor Roosevelt were married.
1913
Greek King George I was killed by an assassin. Constantine I succeeded him.
1922
Mohandas K. Gandhi was sentenced to six years in prison for civil disobedience in India. He served only 2 years of the sentence.
1986
Buckingham Palace announced the engagement of Prince Andrew to Sarah Ferguson.
Health and Social Welfare
1938
USA
New York first required serological blood tests of pregnant women.
1952
USA
In Philadelphia, PA, the first plastic lenses were fitted for a cataract patient.
Industry
1850
USA
Henry Wells & William Fargo founded American Express.
1954
USA
RKO Pictures was sold for $23,489,478. It became the first motion picture studio to be owned by an individual. The person was Howard Hughes.
1961
USA
The Poppin' Fresh Pillsbury Dough Boy was introduced.
1966
USA
Scott Paper began selling paper dresses for $1.
Law
 
 
Motor Sport
 
 
People
1919
  The Order of DeMolay was established in Kansas City. The youth organization is dedicated to teaching young men to be better persons and leaders.
1942
The third military draft began in the U.S. because of World War 2.
1979
  Iranian authorities detained American feminist Kate Millett. The next day she was deported.
1994
  Zsa Zsa Gabor filed for bankruptcy.
Politics
1123
The first Latern Council (9th ecumenical council) opened in Rome.
1692
William Penn was deprived of his governing powers.
1865
  The Congress of the Confederate States of America adjourned for the last time.
1906
  In Morocco, it was reported that France and Germany were in a deadlock at the Algeciras Conference.
1921
  Poland was enlarged with the second Peace of Riga.
1948
  France, Great Britain, and Benelux signed the Treaty of Brussels.
1949
  The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was ratified.
1966
  The government of Indonesia was formed by General Suharto.
1977
  Vietnam turned over an MIA to a U.S. delegation.
1981
  The U.S. disclosed that there were biological weapons tested in Texas in 1966.
1990
  The first free elections took place in East Germany.
2003
  China's new president, Hu Jintao, announced that his country must deepen reforms and raise living standards of workers and farmers.

Publishing
 
 
Religion
1903: France dissolved the Catholic religious orders.
 
Science
   
 
Sport
1900: Ajax (Amsterdam Football Club) was formed.
1922: Princeton and Yale played the first intercollegiate indoor polo championship.
    1945: Maurice "Rocket" Richard became the first National Hockey League (NHL) player to score 50 goals.
    1970: The NFL selected Wilson to be the official football and scoreboard as official time.
    1981: The Buffalo Sabres set an NHL record when they scored 9 goals in one period against Toronto.
    1990: The 32-day lockout of baseball players ended.
    1990: In Tampa, FL, a little league player was killed after being hit with a pitch.
Technology
1813
David Melville patented the gas streetlight.
1931
Schick Inc. displayed the first electric shaver.
The Arts
1881
Barnum and Bailey's Greatest Show on Earth opened in Madison Square Gardens.
1910: The first opera by a U.S. composer performed at the Met in New York City.
    1963: "Tovarich" opened at the Broadway Theater in New York City for 264 performances.
     
     
     
     
The Environment
1541
Hernando de Soto observed the first recorded flood of the Mississippi River.
The Law
1532
The English parliament banned payments by English church to Rome.
1766
Britain repealed the Stamp Act.
1818
  The U.S. Congress approved the first pensions for government service.
1874
  Hawaii signed a treaty giving exclusive trading rights with the islands to the U.S.
     
    1911: North Dakota enacted a hail insurance law.
     
    1939: Georgia ratified the Bill of Rights amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
    1959: U.S. President Eisenhower signed the Hawaii statehood bill.
    1963: The U.S. Supreme Court handed down the Miranda decision concerning legal council for defendants.
    1968: The U.S. Congress repealed the requirement for a gold reserve.
    1992: White South Africans voted for constitutional reforms that would give legal equality to blacks.
     
     
     
The Workforce
1911
Theodore Roosevelt opened the Roosevelt Dam in Phoenix, AZ. It was the largest dam in the U.S. at the time.
1920: Greece adopted the Gregorian calendar.
Trade and Economy
1583
Dutch States General & Anjou signed a treaty.
1673
Lord Berkley sold his half of New Jersey to the Quakers.
    1938: Mexico took control of all foreign-owned oil properties on its soil.
    1974: Most of the Arab oil-producing nations ended their five-month embargo against the United States, Europe and Japan.
    1986: The U.S. Treasury Department announced that a clear, polyester thread was to be woven into bills in an effort to thwart counterfeiters.
     
     
     
Transport
1834: The first railroad tunnel in the U.S. was completed. The work was in Pennsylvania.
1902: In Turkey, the Sultan granted a German syndicate the first concession to access Baghdad by rail.
War
1190
Crusaders killed 57 Jews in Bury St. Edmonds England.
1916
Russia countered the Verdun assault with an attack at Lake Naroch. The Russians lost 100,000 men and the Germans lost 20,000.
1917
The Germans sank the U.S. ships, City of Memphis, Vigilante and the Illinois, without any warning.
1940
Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini held a meeting at the Brenner Pass. The Italian dictator agreed to join in Germany's war against France and Britain during the meeting.
    1943: The German Reich called off its offensive in Caucasus.
    1943: American forces took Gafsa in Tunisia.
    1944: The Russians reached the Rumanian border in the Balkans during World War 2.
    1945: 1,250 U.S. bombers attacked Berlin.
    1950: Nationalist troops landed on the mainland of China and capture Communist held Sungmen.
    1962: French and Algerian rebels agreed to a truce.
    1969: U.S. President Nixon authorizes Operation Menue. It was the ‘secret’ bombing of Cambodia.
    1971: U.S. helicopters airlifted 1,000 South Vietnamese soldiers out of Laos.
    1975: Saigon abandoned most of the Central Highlands of Vietnam to Hanoi.
    1975: The Kurds ended their fight against Iraq.
     
     
     
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