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This Day In History: April 1st

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Communication
1891
United Kingdom
The London-Paris telephone connection opened.
1905
France
Paris and Berlin were linked by telephone.
Crime and Corruption
1970
USA
The U.S. Army charged Captain Ernest Medina in the My Lai massacre.
Defence
1918
United Kingdom
England's Royal Flying Corps was replaced by the Royal Air Force.
1954
USA
The U.S. Air Force Academy was formed in Colorado.
1960
France
France exploded 2 atom bombs in the Sahara Desert.
1986
USA
The U.S. submarine Nathaniel Green ran aground in the Irish Sea.
Disasters
1793
Japan
In Japan, the volcano Unsen erupted killing about 53,000.
1873
United Kingdom
The British White Star steamship Atlantic sank off Nova Scotia killing 547.
1931
Nicaragua
An Earthquake devastated Managua Nicaragua killing 2,000.
1946
USA
A tidal wave (tsunami) struck the Hawaiian Islands killing more than 170 people.
Discovery
1748
World
The ruins of Pompeii were found.
1874
Australia
The Forrest brothers depart Geraldton in search of a stock route to the east.
Education
   
Film, Television and Radio
1941
USA
The first contract for advertising on a commercial FM radio station began on W71NY in New York City.
1955
USA
"One Man's Family" was seen on TV for the final time after a six-year run on NBC-TV.
1963
USA
The Soap operas "General Hospital" and "Doctors" premiered on television.
1997
USA
David Carradine received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Heads of State
0527
World
Justinianus became the emperor of Byzantium.
Health and Social Welfare
1864
USA
The first travel accident policy was issued to James Batterson in the USA by the Travelers Insurance Company.
1987
USA
U.S. President Reagan told doctors in Philadelphia, "We've declared AIDS public health enemy No. 1."
Industry
1853
USA
Cincinnati became the first U.S. city to pay fire fighters a regular salary.
1946
USA
Weight Watchers was formed.
2004
USA
Gateway Inc. announced that it would be closing all of its 188 stores on April 9.
Law
1881
World
Anti-Jewish riots took place in Jerusalem.
1934
USA
Bonnie & Clyde killed 2 police officers.
1933
NAZI Germany
Nazi Germany began the persecution of Jews by boycotting Jewish businesses.
1998
USA
A federal judge dismissed the Paula Jones' sexual harassment lawsuit against U.S. President Clinton saying that the claims fell "far short" of being worthy of a trial.
1999
Ukraine
In Zhytomyr, Ukraine, Anatoliy Onoprienko was sentenced to death for the deaths of 52 men, women and children. 43 of the killings occurred in a 6-month period.
2001
Yugoslavia
Former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic was arrested on corruption charges after a 26-hour standoff with the police at his Belgrade villa.
2003
USA
Jason Mewes was ordered to complete drug rehabilitation or face five years in jail stemming from a drug conviction in 1999.
Motor Sport
   
People
1980
Iraq
A failed assassination attempt against Iraqi vice-premier Tariq Aziz occurred. Born April 28, 1936 in Tel Keppe, Aziz was the Foreign Minister (1983 – 1991) and Deputy Prime Minister (1979 – 2003) of Iraq and a close advisor of former President Saddam Hussein. Their association began in the 1950s when both were activists for the then-banned Ba'ath Party.
1987
World
Steve Newman became the first man to walk around the world. The walk was 22,000 miles and took 4 years
Politics
1621
USA
The Plymouth, MA, colonists created the first treaty with Native Americans.
1789
USA
The U.S. House of Representatives held its first full meeting in New York City. Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania was elected the first House Speaker.
1867
USA
Blacks voted in the municipal election in Tuscumbia, AL.
1867
Singapore
Singapore, Penang & Malakka became British crown colonies.
1905
Kenya
The British East African Protectorate became the colony of Kenya.
1924
Germany
Adolf Hitler was sentenced to five years in prison for high treason in relation to the "Beer Hall Putsch."
1937
United Kingdom
Aden became a British colony.
1939
USA
The U.S. recognized the Franco government in Spain at end of Spanish civil war.
1948
Germany
The Berlin Airlift began.
1950
Italy
Italian Somalia became a United Nations trust territory under Italian administration.
1953
USA
The U.S. Congress created the Department of Health Education and Welfare.
1979
Iran
Iran was proclaimed to be an Islamic Republic by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini after the fall of the Shah.
1982
USA
The U.S. transferred the Canal Zone to Panama.
1991
Iran
Iran released British hostage Roger Cooper after 5 years.
1991
USSR
The Warsaw Pact was officially dissolved. Established in 1955, the Warsaw Pact served an the informal name for the mutual defense Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance subscribed by eight communist states in Eastern Europe, which was established at the USSR’s initiative and realized on 14 May 1955, in Warsaw, Poland.
1999
Canada
The Canadian territory of Nunavut was created. It was carved from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories and covered about 772,000 square miles.
2001
China
China began holding 24 crewmembers of a U.S. surveillance plane. The EP-3E U.S. Navy crew had made an emergency landing after an in-flight collision with a Chinese fighter jet. The Chinese pilot was missing and presumed dead. The U.S. crew was released on April 11, 2001.
2003
North Korea
North Korea test-fired an anti-ship missile off its west coast.
2009
Albania
Albania and Croatia joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
Publishing
1872
USA
The first edition of "The Standard" was published.
1724
  Jonathan Swift published Drapier's letters.
Religion
   
Science
1578
United Kingdom
Englishman William Harvey discovers blood circulation.
1952
World
The Big Bang theory was proposed in "Physical Review" by Alpher, Bethe & Gamow.
Sport
1876
USA
The first official National League (NL) baseball game took place. Boston beat Philadelphia 6-5.
1916
USA
The first U.S. national women's swimming championships were held.
1931
USA
Jackie Mitchell became the first female in professional baseball when she signed with the Chattanooga Baseball Club.
1930
USA
Leo Hartnett of the Chicago Cubs broke the altitude record for a catch by catching a baseball dropped from the Goodyear blimp 800 feet over Los Angeles, CA.
1938
USA
The Baseball Hall of Fame opened in Cooperstown, NY.
1983
USA
New York Islander Mike Bossy became the first National Hockey League (NHL) player to score 60 goals in 3 consecutive seasons.
1992
USA
Players began the first strike in the 75-year history of the National Hockey League (NHL).
1996
USA
U.S. President Bill Clinton threw out the first ball preceding a game between the Kansas City Royals and the Baltimore Orioles.
Technology
1826
USA
Samuel Mory patented the internal combustion engine.
1889
USA
The first dishwashing machine was marketed (in Chicago).
1927
USA
The first automatic record changer was introduced by His Master's Voice.
1929
USA
Louie Marx introduced the Yo-Yo.
1935
USA
The first radio tube to be made of metal was announced.
1938
USA
The first commercially successful fluorescent lamps were introduced.
1960
USA
The U.S. launched TIROS-1, the worlds first weather satellite.
1976
USA
Apple Computer began operations.
The Arts
1873
Turkey
Mehmed Kemals play "Vatan" premiered in Constantinople.
1949
USA
"Happy Pappy" premiered. It was the first all-black-cast variety show.
The Environment
   
The Law
1863
USA
The first wartime conscription law goes into effect in the U.S.
1970
USA
U.S. President Nixon signed the bill, the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act, that banned cigarette advertisements to be effective on January 1, 1971.
1971
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom lifted all restrictions on gold ownership.
1973
Japan
Japan allowed its citizens to own gold.
1991
USA
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that jurors could not be barred from serving due to their race.
2004
USA
U.S. President George W. Bush signed the Unborn Victims of Violence Act. The bill made it a crime to harm a fetus during an assault on a pregnant woman.
2010
USA
The U.S. Congress cut Medicare reimbursements to physicians by 21%.
The Workforce
1963
USA
Workers of the International Typographical Union ended their strike that had closed nine New York City newspapers. The strike ended 114 days after it began on December 8, 1962.
Trade and Economy
1778
USA
Oliver Pollock, a New Orleans businessman, created the "$" symbol.
1867
France
The International Exhibition opened in Paris.
1985
World
World oil prices dropped below $10 a barrel.
Transport
1924
United Kingdom
Imperial Airways was formed in Britain.
War
1572
Netherlands
The Sea Beggars under Guillaume de la Marck landed in Holland and captured the small town of Briel.
1865
USA
At the Battle of Five Forks in Petersburg, VA, Gen. Robert E. Lee began his final offensive.
1928
China
China's Chiang Kai-shek began attacking communists.
1945
USA
U.S. forces invaded Okinawa during World War II. It was the last campaign of World War II.
1972
Vietnam
North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops renewed their offensive in South Vietnam.
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