1854: An 11 kilometre horse-drawn railway was officially opened in South Australia from Port Elliot to Goolwa. The line had been extended to Victor Harbor by April, 1864, and was converted to steam in December, 1884.
1302: The weaver Peter de Coningk led a massacre of the Flemish oligarchs.
1642: Montreal, Canada, was founded.
1643: Queen Anne, the widow of Louis XIII, was granted sole and absolute power as regent by the Paris parliament, overriding the late king's will.
1652: In Rhode Island, a law was passed that made slavery illegal in North America. It was the first law of its kind.
1792: Russian troops invaded Poland.
1798: The first Secretary of the U.S. Navy was appointed. He was Benjamin Stoddert.
1802: Great Britain declared war on Napoleon's France.
1804: Napoleon Bonaparte was proclaimed emperor by the French Senate.
1828: Battle of Las Piedras ended the conflict between Uruguay and Brazil.
1896: The U.S. Supreme court upheld the "separate but equal" policy in the Plessy vs. Ferguson decision. The ruling was overturned 58 years later with Brown vs. Board of Education.
1897: A public reading of Bram Stoker's new novel, "Dracula, or, The Un-dead," was performed in London.
1904: Brigand Raizuli kidnapped American Ion H. Perdicaris in Morocco.
1917: The U.S. Congress passed the Selective Service act, which called up soldiers to fight in World War I.
1926: Evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson vanished while visiting a beach in Venice, CA. She reappeared a month later with the claim that she had been kidnapped.
1931: Japanese pilot Seiji Yoshihara crashed his plane in the Pacific Ocean while trying to be the first to cross the ocean nonstop. He was picked up seven hours later by a passing ship.
1933: The Tennessee Valley Authority was created.
1934: The U.S. Congress approved an act, known as the "Lindberg Act," that called for the death penalty in interstate kidnapping cases.
1942: New York ended night baseball games for the duration of World War II.
1944: Monte Cassino, Europe's oldest Monastic house, was finally captured by the Allies in Italy.
1949: Antiquarian Booksellers Association of America was incorporated
1951: The United Nations moved its headquarters to New York City.
1953: The first woman to fly faster than the speed of sound, Jacqueline Cochran, piloted an F-86 Sabrejet over California at an average speed of 652.337 miles-per-hour.
1974: India became the sixth nation to explode an atomic bomb.
1980: Mt. Saint Helens erupted in Washington state. 57 people were killed and 3 billion in damage was done.
1994: Israel's three decades of occupation in the Gaza Strip ended as Israeli troops completed their withdrawal and Palestinian authorities took over.
1998: The U.S. federal government and 20 states filed a sweeping antitrust case against Microsoft Corp., saying the computer software company had a "choke hold" on competitors which denied consumer choices by controlling 90% of the software market.
1998: U.S. federal officials arrested more than 130 people and seized $35 million. This was the end to an investigation of money laundering being done by a dozen Mexican banks and two drug-smuggling cartels.
