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This Day In History: September 12th

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Communication
1878
USA
Patent litigation involving the Bell Telephone Company against Western Union Telegraph Company and Elisha Gray began. The issues were over various telephone patents.
 
Crime and Corruption
1981
In London, Scotland Yard announced that nine Italian terrorists had been arrested as prime suspects in the 1980 bombing of a Bologna train station in which more than 80 people were killed.
1986
The U.S. released Soviet physicist Gennadiy Zakharov and the Soviet Union released journalist Nicholas Daniloff. Both were put into the custody of their respective countries pending their espionage trials.
1994
  Frank Corder was killed when he crashed a stolen, single-engine Cessna on the South Lawn of the White House.
Defence
 
 
Disasters
1988
Hurricane Gilbert hit Jamaica killing 45 people and causing about $1 billion in damage.
 
Discovery
1609
English explorer Henry Hudson sailed down what is now known as the Hudson River.
 
Education
1974
Violence occurred on the opening day of classes in Boston, MA, due opposition to court-ordered school "busing."
 
Film, Television and Radio
1954
USA
"Lassie" made its television debut on CBS. The last show aired on September 12, 1971.
1963
USA
The last episode of "Leave it to Beaver" was aired. The show had debuted on October 4, 1957.

Leave it to Beaver
1966
USA
"Family Affair" premiered on CBS television.

Family Affair
Heads of State
1953
Nikita Krushchev was elected as the first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
1974
Emperor Haile Selassie was taken out of power by Ethiopia's military after ruling for 58 years.
Health and Social Welfare
 
 
Industry
 
 
Law
1992
Police in Peru captured Shining Path founder Abimael Guzman.
 
Motor Sport
1916
Adelina and August Van Buren finished the first successful transcontinental motorcycle tour to be attempted by two women. They started in New York City on July 5, 1916.
 
People
1953
USA
U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy married Jacqueline Lee Bouvier.
1977
South African anti-apartheid activist Stephen Biko died at the age of 30. The student leader died while in police custody which triggered an international outcry.
1983
USA
Arnold Schwarzenegger became a U.S. citizen. He had emigrated from Austria 14 years earlier.
1986
  Joseph Cicippio was kidnapped in Beirut. He was the acting comptroller at the American University in Beirut. Cicippio was released in December of 1991.
1995
  Two Americans were killed when their hydrogen balloon was shot down by the Belarussian military during an international race.
Politics
1938
NAZI Germany
In a speech, Adolf Hitler demanded self-determination for the Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia.
1980
Iran
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini listed four conditions for the release of American hostages taken on November 4, 1979. The conditions were the unfreezing of Iranian assets, the return of the shah’s wealth to Iran, the cancellation of U.S. claims against Iran, and a U.S. pledge of noninterference in Iran’s internal affairs.
Publishing
 
 
Religion
1922
The Episcopal Church removed the word "Obey" from the bride's section of wedding vows.

1928: Katharine Hepburn made her stage debut in the play "The Czarina." Four years later she made her film debut in "A Bill of Divorcement."
 
Science
1991
USA
The space shuttle Discovery took off on a mission to deploy an observatory that was to study the Earth's ozone layer.
1992
USA
Dr. Mae Carol Jemison became the first African-American woman in space. She was the payload specialist aboard the space shuttle Endeavor. Also onboard were Mission Specialist N. Jan Davis and Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Mark C. Lee. They were the first married couple to fly together in space. And, Mamoru Mohri became the first Japanese person to fly into space.
Sport
1979
Carl Yastrzemski of the Boston Red Sox became the first American League player to get 3,000 career hits and 400 career home runs.
1984
Michael Jordan signed a seven-year contract to play basketball with the Chicago Bulls.
1984
  Dwight Gooden of the New York Mets set a rookie strikeout record with his 251st strikeout of the season.
Technology
1873
USA
The first practical typewriter was sold to customers.
 
The Arts
1866
USA
"The Black Crook" opened in New York City. It was the first American burlesque show.
1940
France
The Lascaux paintings were discovered in France. The cave paintings were 17,000 years old and were some of the best examples of art from the Paleolithic period.
The Environment
 
 
The Law
 
 
The Workforce
 
 
Trade and Economy
2009
Steve Jobs announced that Apple's iTunes had 88% of the legal U.S. music download market.

 
Transport
 
 
War
1814
During the War of 1812, the Battle of North Point was fought in Maryland.
1914
The first battle of Marne ended when the allied forces stopped the German offensive in France.
1918
  During World War 1, At the Battle of St. Mihiel, U.S. Army personnel operate tanks for the first time. The tanks were French-built.

WW1 Tank
1943
NAZI Germany During World War 2, Benito Mussolini was taken by German paratroopers from the Italian government that was holding him.
1944
  U.S. Army troops entered Germany, near Trier, for the first time during World War 2.
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